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Under the background of accelerated transformation of global energy structure, lithium resources as the core strategic material of new energy industry chain. Its efficient extraction technology has become the key to industrial development. This article will describe how to extract lithium from ore.
Multi-stage crushing process is adopted to realize precise particle size control of the ore. Through the graded configuration of jaw crusher (primary crushing) and cone crusher (secondary crushing), the raw ore is processed to the ideal particle size of 30-50mm.
Subsequently, the ball mill-cyclone closed-circuit grinding system is adopted to ensure the full dissociation of target minerals such as lithium pyroxene and quartz matrix (P80≤74μm) through the optimization of grinding media and the improvement of classification efficiency.
At this stage, we need to focus on controlling the balance between the grinding fineness and the dissociation degree of the mineral monomer, in order to create the best conditions for the subsequent separation.
1. Flotation separation system
Aiming at the characteristics of lithium pyroxene, lithium mica and other alumino-silicate minerals, we have developed a high-efficiency flotation agent system: anionic capture agents (such as oleic acid soap) and pH adjusting agents (sodium hydroxide) work in synergy with a new type of foaming agent (MIBC) to form a stable mineralized foam. Through the three-stage flotation process of roughing-sweeping-refining, the grade of lithium concentrate can reach 5.0-7.5% Li2O, and the recovery rate exceeds 85%.
2. Heavy magnetic combined process
For the pegmatite lithium ore accompanied by heavy minerals such as tantalum niobium iron ore, spiral chute-shaking table re-election and high gradient magnetic separator are used. Through the difference between mineral density (2.8-3.2g/cm³) and magnetization coefficient (10^-5~10^-7m³/kg), it realizes efficient separation of lithium minerals and associated minerals.
1. High-temperature conversion system
Sulfuric acid roasting method: optimize the molar ratio of lithium pyroxene (β-phase) and concentrated sulfuric acid (1:1.1-1.3), and achieve a lithium conversion rate of >98% under the dynamic roasting conditions of 250-300℃. Innovative use of multi-stage counter-current leaching technology, lithium leaching rate increased to more than 95%.
2. Low carbon roasting process
Sulfate roasting method reduces the roasting temperature to 850-900℃ by introducing potassium feldspar synergistic reaction mechanism. When potassium sulfate is used as auxiliary, the lithium conversion rate can reach over 92%, and the recycling of sodium/potassium resources is realized at the same time.
3. Technological innovation of purification
Develop “solvent extraction - electrodialysis” coupling process, through the P204-TBP synergistic extraction system to achieve selective enrichment of lithium ions. Combined with multi-stage membrane separation technology, the purity of the final lithium product can reach the standard of battery-grade lithium carbonate (99.5%), and the content of impurity elements Na, K, Ca is less than 10ppm.
1. Three waste management program
Exhaust gas: roasting flue gas is treated by SCR denitrification + wet desulfurization, and the emission index is better than international standard.
Wastewater: adopt MVR evaporation and crystallization system to realize zero discharge of wastewater.
Tailings: develop lithium slag preparation technology for ceramic raw materials, with a comprehensive utilization rate of 85%.
2. Energy optimization
Integration of waste heat boiler - ORC power generation system, to achieve the roasting process waste heat gradient utilization, the overall energy consumption reduced by 25%.
Through a lithium pyroxene project case verification (raw ore Li2O 1.2%), using this program to achieve:
Lithium concentrate grade 6.8% Li2O, recovery rate 87.2
Lithium carbonate direct recovery rate of 91.5%, unit production costs reduced by 18
The construction payback period is shortened to 3.2 years.
This solution integrates advanced technologies such as intelligent control system for crushing and grinding, online monitoring of flotation process parameters, thermodynamic simulation of roasting process, etc., providing customers with full life cycle services from mineralogical research, pilot scale-up to industrialized production. Relying on the modular design concept, customized solutions can be designed according to the characteristics of ore (pegmatite type/clay type) and product requirements (industrial grade/battery grade), helping the sustainable development of the lithium industry.
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